The cultural revolution was based on an intriguing theory:

          "Continuous revolution under proletariat dictatorship".

          During the course of concrete implementation of this theory :

          Mao Ze-dong and his national machinery:

          The police, army, prisons and military installations stood on the opposite side against the extensive masses of all Chinese people.

          "Using class struggle as the guiding principles, discussions were held yearly, monthly and daily."

          In those days, on facing foreign powers, the strategy Zeng Guo-fan adopted was to "use foreigners to control foreigners".  In modern times, on facing his people, that adopted by Mao Ze-dong was to "use people to control people".

          As a result:

          During the cultural revolution, people of China were divided into the two groups of the "revolutionary" and the "conservative", the people was divided into the two kinds of the "revolutionary" and the "counter revolutionary".

          A portion of the masses had imperceptibly become the "class enemy", they became the "target of dictatorship".